NEWS
It is known that training can improve working memory. In a new study in Science, researchers from Karolinska Institutet, Umeå University, Åbo Akademi University, and the University of Turku show for the first time that working-memory training is associated with an increased release of the neurotransmitter dopamine in specific brain regions.
“Working-memory training resulted in increased dopamine release in the caudate, a region located below the neocortex, in which the dopaminergic influx is particularly large”, says Lars Bäckman, Professor at Karolinska Institutet, and one of the scientists behind the study. “This observation demonstrates the importance of dopamine for improving working-memory performance.”
In the study, 10 young Finnish men were trained in updating working memory for five weeks by means of a letter-memory task. The participants were presented with 7 to 15 letters during 45 minutes three times per week on a screen that was turned off after presentation. The task was to remember the last four letters in the sequence in correct order.
Compared to a control group that did not receive any training, the trained group showed a gradual improvement of working-memory performance. Results from a PET scan demonstrated an increased release of dopamine in the caudate after training. In addition, dopamine release was seen during the letter-memory task also before training; this release increased markedly after training.
Further, improvements after training were demonstrated in an untrained task that also requires updating.
“These findings suggest that the training improved working memory generally”, says Professor Lars Nyberg at Umeå University.
The study emanates from a collaborative project among the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI) at Umeå University, Sweden, Åbo Akademi University, and University of Turku, both in Finland, within a ”Nordic Center of Excellence in Cognitive Control”.
Publication: Effects of working-memory training on striatal dopamine release. L. Bäckman, L. Nyberg, A. Soveri, J. Johansson, M. Andersson, E. Dahlin, A. S. Neely, J. Virta, M. Laine, J. O. Rinne. Science, online 5 August 2011.
Lars Bäckman, Professor of the Psychology of AgingAging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society Karolinska InstitutePhone: +46 (0)8-690 58 26 Cell Phone: +46 (0)70-593 45 13 E-mail: Lars.Backman.1@ki.se
Lars Nyberg, Professor of NeuroscienceUmeå Center for Functional Brain ImagingUmeå UniversityPhone: +46 (0)90-786 64 29 or +46 (0)90-785 33 64Cell Phone: +46 (0)70-609 27 75 E-mail lars.nyberg@physiol.umu.se
