This thesis utilizes the newly digitized Norrland Survey, a sociomedical investigation of roughly 4,000 schoolchildren conducted in northern Sweden in 1929 and 1931, linked to national censuses and the Swedish Death Index to follow individuals across the life course. The first paper evaluates the survey's data quality and representativeness, combining archival reconstruction of its design with population-level comparisons to assess the quality and representativeness of the data. The second paper examines childhood well-being in interwar northern Sweden, focusing on how socioeconomic status and family size shaped the well-being of children during the fertility transition. Building on these findings, the thesis will go on to examine how childhood conditions shaped later-life social mobility and mortality risk.
