Justice & Authority before 1800: East & West The workshop was initiated by UGPS (Umeå Group for Premodern Studies) at Umeå University in collaboration with research groups and researchers in Austria, UK, Finland, and Turkey. The aim of the workshop was to develop comparative studies based on medieval and early modern court records and petitions from European societies and the Ottoman Empire, focusing on: ■social norms and practices ■gender and emotions ■authority and negotiations of power A first meeting was held in October 3-5, 2011 at the Swedish Research Institute (SRI) in Istanbul. Justice & Authority Website